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    The difference between the manual and running stitches

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 0 comments, 3,465 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    I've long been asking myself: why does every machine embroidery editor list a manual stitch among its types? When, where and how one should use it? In theory, this knowledge is the bedrock of machine embroidery design digitizing, but I, for some reason, am only familiar with the most general concepts. 
    Come to think of it, if this type of stitch is omnipresent and not one manufacturer has discarded it, then there must be a reason for keeping it.
    Then why are the clear instructions are so hard to find? 
    A manual stitch is at first sight very similar to a running stitch. Where it differs it that when you digitize it, every click of a mouse creates a reference point, which is also a puncture point. There will be no other puncture points except these ones. Therefore, a digitizer gets complete control over the number of stitches. At the same time, when you digitize a running stitch, the software generates additional puncture points between the reference points. The number of these puncture points will depend on the set stitch length value and several other parameters like chord gap length, stitch length variations, etc., and on the software itself. 
    In the picture below you can see a circle digitized in manual stitches: 

    No matter how I try, I cannot create a circle in 5 clicks. But I can create a perfect circle in 5 clicks using a running stitch with 3 mm stitch length and controlling the reference point type: 

     
    What purposes does the manual stitch serve in machine embroidery? 
    You can use it to handle tie-offs manually, at the beginning of an object as well at its end.  You can draw create a strengthening layer under the small letters.  Or even digitize the very same letters with it.  You can render the details that don't come out good in the automatic mode.  Judging by these scarce findings, a manual stitch is the domain of the professionals. In order to successfully apply it, you need to have a hawk's eye and a vast experience, for you have to have a clear understanding of where exactly do you need a puncture point and why. After all, the editor does very little to participate in digitizing: every stitch is drawn by hand and does not automatically comply when you change the design size or aspect ratio. 
    And for what purposes do you use this type of stitches? I myself do not use it at all. 

    Working with thick knitwear

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 0 comments, 3,404 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    I found an old sweater and decided to practice digitizing and embroidery on thick and textured knits. It's out of season now, of course, but you use your old garments to explore new techniques. 
    Basically, one look at this fabric makes clear what you'll have to face: 
    A textured, very uneven embroidery surface.  Puckering.  Difficulty in matching the outlines and objects to each other.  Sinking of the stitches and small elements.  The pliability of the fabric should not be damaged. This "bullet-proof vest" is the result of my first attempt: 

    To make up for the extra density, nothing was displaced. 
    When you've defined your goal, it becomes apparent exactly what you'll need to do during digitizing and embroidery. 
    Here's the embroidery technique: 
    Everyone I read recommends to hoop thick knits instead of gluing them. But the hooping process should be slightly different from the usual, and you need to be very careful so as not to screw the hoop too tight, otherwise the hoop marks will appear.  Knits should be hooped only slightly, the rings of the hoop should not fit tight, they should not be fixed.  Hoop the knitwear together with the stabilizer. As the custom goes, a heavy-weight tear-away stabilizer or a spunbond (non-show mesh) is suggested for knits. But you can use an organza of a matching color if the knitwear has many openings and there is a possibility that the stabilizer will show through. You can additionally sprinkle it with a temporary spray adhesive.  In order to prevent hoop burn, you should either wrap the hoop as I showed here or use cigarette paper/soft thin cloth between the fabric and the outer ring of the hoop.  Only after that, you can tighten the screw.  Put a water-soluble on top and, preferably, hoop it.  Embroider the design.  Loosen the hoop screw and take your item out.  Whether you need to stretch the knitwear, depends on the circumstances. If it will be stretched in wear, you need to stretch it in the hoop as well, and if not, leave it as it is.  The choice of a point type is defined by the thickness of the knitwear but in any case, a point should be rounded, ranging from the light ball point to the heavy ball point type. Use #70/10 – 75/11 needle (for #40 threads).  Soft threads (rayon, cotton) are preferable. Digitizing a design from scratch or modifying an existing one is very similar to digitizing for loop fabrics and is based on the following principles: 
    For thick knitwear, choose designs of the openwork variety that don't contain big objects, and on a more loosely knit one, heavier designs may come out good.  Sequence your embroidery from the center outwards.  The objects should not contain the elements that are too thin. Satins should not be wider than 7–8 mm and narrower than 1.8 mm. Simple, bold letters without hair-strokes are preferable.  When the stitches are over 8 mm it is necessary to compulsorily split them or apply short filling stitches to this object.  Consider increasing pull compensation up to 20–30% of the stitch length.  Better to manually digitize your underlays and not use the automatic option:  Put an edge run under the satins.  Put an edge run + double zig-zags under thick satin columns.  Put an edge run + a full grid at a different stitch angle from the one in the main layer under the fills.  Density should be set at 0.35–0.45 mm.  To prevent the stitches in the small letters from sinking into the fabric, you may put a low-dense fill under them (analogous to a full grid).  You should increase the amount of overlap between the segments to 2 or 3 rows at least in order to avoid gaps between the stitches. You also need to make certain that the fills are embroidered in one direction. Read more about it here.  In my opinion, one should not cut down on color changes, for it is better to finish one object before embarking on another instead of embroidering all the objects of the first color, then all the objects of the second color, and so on, like I did and got my dark green outlines displaced as a result: 

    But for the first time, the embroidery looks quite decent. 
    I came to a conclusion that you can do anything after a few test pieces, and all of the mistakes I made could be corrected without difficulty. 

    Adding volume to the embroidery Method #1

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 0 comments, 2,569 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    Today I'll tell about the way of adding volume to the embroidery with the help of several layers of understitching, which is considered one of the oldest in machine embroidery. 
    This method is good because it requires less skill and precision while digitizing a design and besides, you won't need any consumables apart from the threads. However, it demands a great deal of effort and, consequently, time. But it is worth it because you get a soft, clean and pleasant in wear embroidery as the result. On top of that, it doesn't involve any additional manipulations after the embroidery is completed. 
    To achieve that effect, one can simply digitize a design in any machine embroidery editor of any level. Only the satins are used: 
    First, you draw the main outline (the outer one). The outline's recommended width is no less than 6 mm. 
    Inside the outline, at a distance from it, at least 1 or 2 more are drawn. The offset is necessary for the fabric not to be perforated along the outline. You get the following picture: 
    Each layer is filled with 3 layers of stitches. 
    Under them, go 2 layers of underlay, the stitch direction in them perpendicular to each other – these are made of double zig-zags with large stitches. You can create them automatically (if the editor has such an option) or draw by hand. Having done that, you cover the whole thing with a finishing layer of satins at a standard density, the stitches in it being perpendicular to the outline, and along the perimeter, you add the edge run. You should get something like this in each layer: 
    All layers together will look something akin to this, if you discount the fact that they will be of the same color: 
    Now you're done with digitizing for the additional volume. 
    A design with so many layers has a high stitch count, and the production time increases sufficiently as the result. On the other hand, the embroidery process is easy: you hit the start button and the embroidery proceeds on its own. 
    There are some tips for successfully using this technique: 
    The stitch density in the inner layers depends on the desired height of the embroidery.  On thin fabrics, the number of layers is better to be kept to a minimum.  If you use #40 threads, you'll need 6–9 layers of stitches (a "nest" of 2 or 3 outlines with 3 layers in each).  In case of using metallic threads on the outside, you needn't necessarily use them in the lower layers as well. You can replace them with another kind of threads matching in color.  For the inner layers, thicker threads (#25, #30, etc.) can be used. This will give you an opportunity to save on stitch count.  Loosen the upper thread tension.  Lower the machine's speed a little.  You can see some examples of this technique in my articles on cording (one, two) and making a bag for presents. Another method, similar to this one but with some key differences, can be found here. 

    Stretch velvet

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 0 comments, 3,799 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    Long ago, maybe 5 years back in time, it was a sheer torture for me to embroider on stretch velvet. I vividly remember how I shed bloody tears every time when I was trying to hoop this wonder of a fabric. Especially in view of the fact that with this tricky fabric, stabilizers could not be used except for the water-soluble film topping. As a result, you could stretch it a great deal so as to make it tight in the hoop. And it is just about as stretchy as knitwear. In essence, it is knitwear – if you turn this velvet the wrong side up, you'll see the loops knit together: 

    And after the embroidery was completed, both the fabric and the embroidery puckered. What a mess.&
    Only now, after having started to experiment with stabilizer and different kinds of fabrics, it dawned upon me that such materials should be glued directly to the stabilizer. Even the thinnest tear-away one will give you a wonderful result. Also, you can't think of this fabric as velvet when digitizing for it. 
    In other words, it appears that:
    Stretch velvet should be glued to the stabilizer so as not to overstretch it in the hoop. There can be several ways of attaching it to the stabilizer: 
    Sticking it to the hooped Filmoplast. Don't forget that Filmoplast in and of itself is a very bad stabilizer, it is really an additional measure, and you'll need to place a layer of stabilizer under the thing. A tear-away, for instance.  Stick a piece of a fusible adhesive stabilizer to the velvet and hoop them together. But you should test it first to see whether it doesn't leave the hoop marks.  Hoop the denser tear-away stabilizer and glue the velvet to it with a temporary spray adhesive.  Additionally, you can fix it with a running stitch along the perimeter of the embroidery so as to prevent the velvet from detachment.  The embroidery threads vary greatly in composition and thickness.  You should use the most ordinary SES needles. Their thickness should correspond the thread thickness.  The digitizing recommendations will at the same time be similar to the ones for the knitwear and those for the ordinary velvet.;A cocktail of sorts:
    A design that has areas not filled with stitches is preferable. This will help to maintain the pliability of both the fabric and the embroidery.  Avoid small details, especially the ones embroidered with the running stitches – they will sink into the pile and you'll have to retrieve the film from under them.  Avoid big areas filled with lots of stitches – there is no stability in gluing the velvet to the paper, it will begin to detach, and the embroidery will be distorted as the consequence. This means that you'll need to substitute these fills for something less demanding like an applique or motifs comprised of satins instead of running stitches: The underlay should be of the most ordinary kind, in respect to the size of the elements and stitch lengths. Zig-zags are the most like candidate for the satins, and a grid or a full grid for the fills. The density of the finishing fills should be reduced to a minimum, with 0.45 mm as a starting point. Play with density and stitch length setting so that pile doesn't show through the stitches. Stitch length in the underlay should be increased to 3–5 mm. Pull compensation value should be increased compared to the standard one.  Such are the most basic concepts that will perhaps help someone to make a successful embroidery on the knitted velvet.

    A few words about free-standing embroidery

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 2 comments, 5,125 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    A jigsaw puzzle called "machine embroidery" is gradually building in my mind. Now I've reached the highly interesting free-standing embroidery piece. Free-standing embroidery is not always lace – that much has stuck in my head. 
    There are several kinds of free-standing embroidery: 
    Free-standing lace, beloved of all, embroidered on a water-soluble or a heat-away stabilizer.  Ready-made pieces embroidered on transparent fabrics.  Ready-made pieces embroidered on non-transparent fabrics.  I would also put into a separate category the so-called in-the-hoop pieces that are embroidered and sewn completely in the hoop and the ready item can be rather complex as a result. These are, to all intents and purposes, free-standing embroidery. 
    The key feature that distinguishes them from other embroidery projects no matter how they were made is that these are the end products. Not only two-dimensional laces, various pendants, and decorations but also manifold 3D items, such as baskets, vases, bells, flowers, trees, etc., fall into this category. To put it shortly, anything you can think of. 
    In our first case, the FSL embroidery should be sequenced in a particular way – all the elements in the design should have a shared underlay so it will not disintegrate after the stabilizer has been removed. What you can use as a backing: 
    For the big projects with a large number of stitches – a water-soluble stabilizer.  Dense water soluble film  Heat-away film  Heat-away fabric, like Gunold Thermogaze, for instance.  Here you can read about my attempts of creating FSL on three of those materials. In the photo below is an FSL lozenge that I digitized myself the other day. It took me a great deal of time and effort but in the end gave me an insight into how this kind of lace is created. But I see that I still have a lot to work on: 

    Everything here needs polishing, and besides, I should adjust the thread tension on my machine. The embroidery looks splendid before removing the stabilizer and after it – like in the photo above. 
    Synthetic fabrics that can be successfully singed (one layer of polyester organza, for instance) are commonly used for the free-standing embroidery on a semi-transparent base. A satin border should run along the perimeter that will hold the embroidery in place and prevent it from slipping but you may try and do without it. Just pay attention to the stitch direction near the edges of the embroidery – the stitches should be perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the edge. After the embroidery is completed, organza or other material is trimmed along the perimeter of the design and the leftovers are burned in a variety of ways. On organza, you can embroider designs completely filled with stitches and do openwork as well. There are plenty of examples, beginning with the simplest 3D flowers that are supposed to be used as brooches. 
    The free-standing designs of the third type are created on dense non-transparent fabrics. You can choose any one that you like but felt is by far the most popular. Such items are embroidered and then cut out of the fabric perimeter-wise. I'll name, perhaps the most popular free-standing embroidery of that kind – various chevrons (emblems). But there is also a wide range of decorations, such as flowers and butterflies that are sewn on or glued to something. 
    As for the in-the-hoop projects, I've expanded on the topic more than once. So many things can be created all in the embroidery hoop! There is no limit to the imagination: decorations, bags, all kinds of accessories, etc. Not only fabrics but also ribbons, zippers, and other things can be used. Free-standing designs are digitized in a special way and the whole creation process is often a big adventure. 
    That's pretty much all that can be covered in such a short article on a broad subject. 

    How to hide a tie-off at the end of the satin object?

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 0 comments, 2,864 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    A few days ago I needed to embroider an abstract logo for a close-up. Naturally, the embroidery had to be of a sufficient quality so that I wouldn't be too ashamed of how the stitches looked when highly magnified. 
    Here's what I noticed when scrutinizing the resulting look of my logo: the tie-offs visibly stood out in almost all of the satins. You may even say they detach themselves from the object and continue on their own life, distorting the object's edges and damaging the whole look. One simply can't fail to notice them, as the photo below illustrates: 


    This is just an automatic tie-off inserted after the last stitch. I can only imagine how a butterfly or a star would have looked! Here, look at them: 

    It's not that I didn't know that tie-offs tend to behave in that way. That I certainly knew. I also know ways of hiding them but each of those requires drawing every tie-off (a manual stitch between the satins) by hand. But as I am a rather lazy person and as I, to put it bluntly, don't have any time to deal with every tie-off separately, I thought that moving a tie-off 1 or 2 stitches inside the object and farther from its edge (and from the last stitch as well) would, perhaps, be enough. Something like that: 

    The tie-off stitches are marked red here: 
    Of course, I do a test piece hoping that it will come all right. 
    Alas – no such luck, my little trick doesn't save the situation, although it improves it a bit. 

    All of this because the tie-offs flatten the last stitch, so to speak, and stand out for that reason. The embroidery looks fine from a distant but doesn't stand up to scrutiny in a close-up. And besides, this "little" problem occurs every time I embroider letters, causing a lot of trouble. 
    These inoffensive squares result from inserting the tie-offs manually at the end of the satins just as John Deere had suggested. This is particularly true for the long satins. 


     
    Conclusion: if you don't get too lazy, dedicate more time to you project to do some manual work and don't rely on the automatic functions offered by modern embroidery software, the result will be more pleasant to the eye. What's more, a tie-off inserted in this way will not only look good on the edge of an object but also in the center. Though I need to say that I've only seen 2 digitizers who insert their tie-offs by hand and don't use the embroidery editor capabilities. 
    And what about you? In what way do you hide your tie-offs so that they don't spoil the outer look of the satins? Do you, perhaps, play with the settings, such as a tie-off stitch length and the number of runs? Or does your embroidery editor automatically insert the tie-offs in a neater way? 

    Embroidery on linen

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 2 comments, 6,944 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    Linen is a perfect natural fabric for embroidery and there is a huge variety of items made out of it due to its special qualities. I consider it one of the most convenient, stable and non-tricky fabrics for machine embroidery. But linen, too, can sometimes lead you to a trap no matter what you do and how you do it. Like any other material, this rather coarse, textured fabric that crumples easily has basic recommendations on how to work with it. 

    The embroidery process goes as follows: 
    Hoop linen together with a stabilizer. This should be of a tear-away middleweight variety. Additionally, you can use a temporary spray adhesive.  #70/10 (#40 for standard threads) needle with sharp point type.  Any kind of threads, from polyester to cotton, can be used. I myself prefer lusterless cotton threads wherever possible because they make the embroidery look more refined.  Linen is a textured fabric that can be very loosely spun, which leads to the necessity of using a water-soluble film topping.  This fabric is considered to be one of the easiest to digitize, though I've encountered some designs that would be difficult to be adapted for linen. Nevertheless, the main rules of creating a design are:  Density should be set at a standard value of 0.4 mm (for the ordinary threads) in almost all the satins and fills.  Pull compensation should be set at ~0.5 mm in the satins and ~0.3 mm in the fills.  Underlay: edge run + center run under the satins, full grid at 45° and 135° in relation to the stitch angle in the finishing layer.  The embroidery should go from the center outward, as usual.  Of course, these parameters will be changed to suit every particular design. For example, in this modern design with the photo (see above) I didn't use any underlay – neither under the satins nor under the fills. I set stitch density at 0.45 mm in the satins and 1.2 mm was the average density in the fills. A thin #60 polyester thread and #60 needle with a light ball point (SES) were used on a middleweight tear-away stabilizer with a temporary spray adhesive. No water soluble film was applied on top despite the satins being 1.1–1.5 mm thick on the average. The fabric was not distorted and the stitches didn't sink. Thick #30 cotton threads are generally good for the embroidery on linen: you make fewer stitches and the embroidery looks fine. But then again, the choice of threads and digitizing style depends on the design. 

    Embroidery with flat metallic foil threads

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 0 comments, 4,444 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    Not so long ago I saw a flat metal foil thread in a shop and decided to try it. It is basically a polyethylene + polyester tape dyed in shiny colors that reflect light on both sides. This thread reminds me of tinsel that is used to decorate Christmas trees, although cut in narrower and longer strips. About 5 years ago I tried to embroider with this thread but failed to understand its advantages and disadvantages. 
    Metallic foil threads are made by almost all manufacturers, big and small alike, but it cannot be easily bought just anywhere. The one I'm using today is a Chinese WonderFil. 

    Manufacturers tend to use different words for this type of threads: Glitter (Gunold), Sulky Holoshimmer (Gütermann), Hologram (WonderFil), Spectra (Madeira). But no matter how it is called, it looks pretty much the same: a thin sparkling strip that glitters in the light. The only thing that varies is the way of winding it on a spool/bobbin (straight or cross). To know how the way of winding affects the embroidery, click here. This is directly relevant to what I'm talking about because all manufacturers except Gunold wind their bobbins straight, which leads us to buying a winding device or making it ourselves. 
    This is how the thread looks from the front: 

    This is how it looks from the side: 

    As usual, what intrigues me the most is that there is no information on how to work with such threads if you discard generalizations. But you can learn something from the open sources as well, there is no need to reinvent the wheel every time: So, the technical recommendations are the following: 
    In case a spool is straight-winded, make sure that the thread comes off of it in the right way.  If the spool is cross-winded, you can cover it with a net like the one used for metallics, because the thread will twist a great deal. See the Gunold's video on the subject. There you can find some instructions that may interest you before you start working on your first test piece. For example, a needle should be marked DBx7 instead of a DBxK5 all of us are accustomed to. Reduce the tension.  Bobbin thread thickness: 120–150.  A #75–80 needle (like the one used with metallic threads) is preferable. Madeira even suggests using #90.  Design creation and digitizing tips: 
    Use big designs  And long stitches  I would also advise reducing density a little bit, as one does when working with metallics.  So, I created a design and embroidered this Christmas tree: 

    While digitizing, I didn't include any extra steps except making stitches longer, but it took me a great deal of time setting the right tension because this thread behaves in a different way from the ordinary ones, and you have to pay close attention to prevent breakage. But the resulting look of the embroidery is worth it – it's much more lustrous than the one embroidered with metallic threads. The very thing you need for Christmas and New Year designs. 

    How to embroider with two threads in one needle

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 10 comments, 21,060 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    I've long wanted to embroider with two threads in one needle, being mighty curious how the whole thing would turn out. So a couple of days ago I saw a video on Gunold's Youtube channel in which Debora Jones demonstrated the way of doing it and shared basic recommendations for those who are going to repeat it on their own machines. 
    Below are her recommendations to which I added a few things that could be guessed from the context: 
    Use standard #40 rayon or polyester threads.  A 90/14 needle has a large enough ear to accommodate both threads. The point type depends on the type of fabric, I suppose.  You should increase the thread tension to prevent looping.  And reduce the design's density by at least 20%.  The issue of underlay wasn't specified but the understitching was present, therefore, you'd better use it. I also think that the stitch length should be increased in relation to the standard one.  The important thing to remember is that a thread supply failure detector won't work in this case because the second thread will remain intact even if the first one snapped.  In my opinion, pull compensation needs to be increased substantially, for two threads will distort a design a great deal in spite of the reduced density.  What else one needs to do to master this not too complicated a skill, according to the video in question? Not much – to create a design in the way that was suggested and go to the machine: 
    So I threaded my needle with 2 threads: 

    Adjusted the tension – I had to tighten all the screws all the way in so that to prevent loops – and went to the machine: 

    Nevertheless, there were some loops during the embroidery of the twig (done with satins). The leaf is very puffy and looks like it had been embroidered with a multicolor thread made of 2 different strands (below on the right). Judging from the result, the stitch density could be reduced even more that by 20%. For reference, here is the same leaf embroidered with one thread at a time – each half with a different color. I used my standard density values (below on the left): 

    The most interesting aspects of this technique are: 
    You can choose the colors you like and not the ones in the multicolor palette.  You don't need to use (almost) any special tricks when digitizing in order to successfully mix the two colors.  This technique is excellent for the embroidery of flowers, leaves, hair (fur) and whenever you need things to look natural. 

    Appliqué with polyester batting

    By Irina, in Machine embroidery materials and technology, , 2 comments, 6,404 views
    Original text by Marina Belova 
    Today I'll continue my article about padded appliqué and show the simple yet effective technique of making it on an example. 
    I'll make this teddy bear: 

    I chose this particular image of a teddy bear because its simplicity perfectly suited my goals: 

    So I digitized the image and got a machine embroidery design. It's a very simple design, an ordinary patched appliqué. See the preview below: 

    I chose a stretchy and fluffy knitwear fabric for the teddy's body – namely, fleece. For the face and the belly, I took out trims of fake fur that remained of a stuffed toy I hadn't made. I used polyester batting for stuffing it. Despite the batting being thin (1 cm), I nevertheless decided to use only one layer of it. Now I realize that I could have used 2 layers to make the embroidery puffier. 
    So, let's proceed to action. I hoop the fabric together with the stabilizer: 

    Load the design into the machine and start the embroidery. The first step is the simplest – a guideline for positioning of the appliqué: 

    When creating an embroidery sequence, I planned to sew on the belly first. Because the fake fur itself has volume and also does not stretch, I will not put a polyester batting under it. I'll only use fur instead. I place the fur where the belly is intended to be: 

    I start the machine and sew on the fur with a small zig-zag stitch: 

    Now I pick up the scissors and trim the extra fur along the perimeter as close to the zig-zag stitch as possible so that the fur won't show from under the finishing border in future: 

    Right after trimming I place polyester batting on top of the embroidered outline of the bear: 

    Fleece goes on top of that: 

    I start the machine and stitch one more zig-zag stitch. This time it outlines the body of the bear. 

    I take the hoop off the machine, pick up the scissors and trim the entire "layer cake" perimeter-wise: 

    After that, I embroider the outline showing where to put the face: 

    I put the fur on top of that outline: 

    Stitch the fur with a zig-zag stitch and trim the extra material: 

    Then I start the machine again and embroider the rest: finishing borders, eyes, nose, and so on. 
    I decided against the water-soluble film, despite fleece being a piled fabric, but I used a plastic bag when embroidering the heart on the fur (I tore the leftovers prior to embroidering the border around the heart): 

    The resulting embroidery is quite neat – nothing shows through the satins, and that indicates that I chose the right border width, 5–6 mm). 
    That's all that is to it. The whole thing isn't much different from an ordinary appliqué, except perhaps trimming – I had to trim the layers of the "cake" separately: first polyester batting and then fleece. 

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